PyOpenGL
PyOpenGL は、Python で OpenGLUT に相当する機能を利用するものです。
PyOpenGL を利用するには、C言語レベルで、OpenGLUT が利用できる環境を整える必要があります。
その上で、以下のように、PyOpenGL をインストールします。
pip install PyOpenGL
※ Windows 11 の WSL と WSLg 上で Ubuntu 20.04 が動作している環境では、前述のように pip ではなく、必要に応じて以下のようにインストールします。
sudo apt install build-essential xorg-dev
sudo apt install libopengl-dev freeglut3-dev
sudo apt install python3-opengl
python で以下のプログラムを実行してみます。
from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
import sys
m_light0Ambient = [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0] # Light0 color
m_light0Diffuse = [0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0]
m_light0Specular = [0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0]
m_light0Direction = [0.0, 0.0, -1.0, 1.0]
m_light0Position = [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0] # Light0 position
m_light0Exponent = 50.0 # Spot light exponent
m_light0Cutoff = 45.0 # Spot light cutoff
m_light0Constant = 1.0 # Constant attenuation
m_light0Linear = 0.0 # Linear attenuation
m_light0Quadratic = 0.0 # Quadratic attenuation
m_materialAmbient = [0.5, 0.9, 0.5, 1.0] # No light material color
m_materialDiffuse = [0.5, 0.9, 0.5, 1.0] # Material color
m_materialSpecular = [0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0] # Specular color
m_materialEmission = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0] # Material light
m_materialShininess = 10.0 # Ratio of specular
m_fogColor = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0] # Fog color
m_scale = 1.0
m_clipm = 1.0
m_mx = 0.0
m_my = 0.0
m_mz = 0.0
m_mat = [0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0]
m_rot = [1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.0]
m_rx_x = 1.0
m_rx_y = 0.0
m_rx_z = 0.0
m_ry_x = 0.0
m_ry_y = 1.0
m_ry_z = 0.0
m_rx = 0.0
m_ry = 0.0
m_mousemode = 0
def displaymodel():
size = 1;
glScalef(1.0/size, 1.0/size, 1.0/size) # Scale to 1.0
glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, 0.0) # To center of gravity
glFrontFace(GL_CW) # CCW is default
mglColor = [0.8, 0.7, 0.2, 1.0]
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mglColor) # Set material color
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mglColor)
glPushMatrix()
glTranslated(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
glutSolidTeapot(size)
glPopMatrix()
def gl_display():
global m_light0Exponent # Spot light exponent
global m_light0Cutoff # Spot light cutoff
global m_light0Constant # Constant attenuation
global m_light0Linear # Linear attenuation
global m_light0Quadratic # Quadratic attenuation
global m_materialShininess
global m_mousemode # Mouse mode 0:none 1:rotate 2:move 3:zoom
global m_mousex # Mouse mode point x
global m_mousey # Mouse mode point y
global m_cx, m_cy # Frame size
global m_scale # Scale parameter
global m_clipx, m_clipy # Clip factor
global m_clipm # Clip area
global m_mx, m_my, m_mz # Move vector
global m_rx, m_ry # Rotation angle
global m_rx_x, m_rx_y, m_rx_z # Rotation Vector for x
global m_ry_x, m_ry_y, m_ry_z # Rotation Vector for y
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) # Specify black as clear color
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) # Enable depth test
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) # For model view transform
glLoadIdentity() # Load unit matrix
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, m_light0Ambient) # Set light0
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, m_light0Diffuse)
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, m_light0Specular)
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, m_light0Position) # Position light 0
glLightModeli(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_TWO_SIDE, 0) # Set light model
glEnable(GL_LIGHTING) # On light
glEnable(GL_LIGHT0) # On light 0
glTranslatef(m_mx/m_clipm, m_my/m_clipm, 0.0) # To center of gravity
glMultMatrixf(m_rot) # Pre rotation
glRotatef(m_rx, m_rx_x, m_rx_y, m_rx_z) # Rotate x
glRotatef(m_ry, m_ry_x, m_ry_y, m_ry_z) # Rotate y
mat = glGetFloatv(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX) # Save rotation matrix
for i in range(4):
m_mat[i+0] = mat[0][i]
m_mat[i+4] = mat[1][i]
m_mat[i+8] = mat[2][i]
m_mat[i+12] = mat[3][i]
glScalef(m_scale, m_scale, m_scale) # Scale
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) # Clear view, depth buffer
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH) # Smooth shading
glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_FILL) # Draw polygon mode fill
glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE) # Auto normalize normal, need normalize for scale
glCullFace(GL_BACK) # Cull back face
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE) # Enaable culling
glFrontFace(GL_CCW) # CCW is default
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, m_materialAmbient) # Set bi-directional material color
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, m_materialDiffuse)
glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, m_materialSpecular)
glMaterialf (GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, m_materialShininess)
glLoadName(-1) # Invalid atom index
displaymodel()
glFlush()
glutSwapBuffers()
def gl_reshape(w, h):
global m_cx, m_cy # Frame size
global m_clipx, m_clipy # Clip factor
global m_clipm # Clip area
global m_mx, m_my, m_mz # Move vector
clipm = m_clipm
m_cx = w
m_cy = h
glViewport(0, 0, m_cx, m_cy)
if(m_cx > m_cy) : # Aspect ratio
m_clipx = m_cx / m_cy
m_clipy = 1.0
m_clipm = m_cy / 2.0
else :
m_clipx = 1.0
m_clipy = m_cy / m_cx
m_clipm = m_cx / 2.0
m_mx = m_mx * m_clipm / clipm # Adjust aspect ratio
m_my = m_my * m_clipm / clipm
m_mz = m_mz * m_clipm / clipm
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) # Select projection matrix
glLoadIdentity() # Clear projection matrix
glOrtho(-m_clipx, m_clipx, -m_clipy, m_clipy, -20.0, 20.0) # View area
def gl_mouseend(x, y):
global m_mousemode
global m_rx, m_ry # Rotation angle
global m_rx_x, m_rx_y, m_rx_z # Rotation Vector for x
global m_ry_x, m_ry_y, m_ry_z # Rotation Vector for y
m_mousemode = 0
det = m_mat[0] * m_mat[5] * m_mat[10] + m_mat[1] * m_mat[6] * m_mat[8] + m_mat[2] * m_mat[4] * m_mat[9] - m_mat[2] * m_mat[5] * m_mat[8] - m_mat[1] * m_mat[4] * m_mat[10] - m_mat[0] * m_mat[6] * m_mat[9] # Matrix determinant
if -1e-30 < det and det < 1e-30 :
return
m_rot[0] = m_mat[0] # Pre rotation matrix
m_rot[1] = m_mat[1]
m_rot[2] = m_mat[2]
m_rot[3] = 0.0
m_rot[4] = m_mat[4]
m_rot[5] = m_mat[5]
m_rot[6] = m_mat[6]
m_rot[7] = 0.0
m_rot[8] = m_mat[8]
m_rot[9] = m_mat[9]
m_rot[10] = m_mat[10]
m_rot[11] = 0.0
m_rot[12] = 0.0
m_rot[13] = 0.0
m_rot[14] = 0.0
m_rot[15] = 1.0
m_rx = 0.0 # Initialize rotation angle
m_ry = 0.0
m_rx_x = (m_mat[5] * m_mat[10] - m_mat[6] * m_mat[9]) / det # New rotation vector for screen X
m_rx_y = (m_mat[2] * m_mat[9] - m_mat[1] * m_mat[10]) / det
m_rx_z = (m_mat[1] * m_mat[6] - m_mat[2] * m_mat[5]) / det
m_ry_x = (m_mat[6] * m_mat[8] - m_mat[4] * m_mat[10]) / det # New rotation vector for screen Y
m_ry_y = (m_mat[0] * m_mat[10] - m_mat[2] * m_mat[8]) / det
m_ry_z = (m_mat[2] * m_mat[4] - m_mat[0] * m_mat[6]) / det
def gl_motion(x, y):
global m_mousemode
global m_mousex
global m_mousey
global m_rx, m_ry
global m_mx, m_my
global m_scale
if m_mousemode == 1 : # Rotate mode
rx = x - m_mousex
ry = y - m_mousey
m_rx += ry / 2.5
m_ry += rx / 2.5
if m_rx < 0.0 :
m_rx += 360.0
if m_rx > 720.0 :
m_rx -= 360.0
if m_ry < 0.0 :
m_ry += 360.0
if m_ry > 720.0 :
m_ry -= 360.0
m_mousex = x
m_mousey = y
if m_mousemode == 2 : # Move mode
rx = x - m_mousex
ry = y - m_mousey
m_mx += rx
m_my -= ry
m_mousex = x
m_mousey = y
if m_mousemode == 3 : # Zoom mode
ry = y - m_mousey
m_scale -= ry / 200.0
if m_scale < 0.0 :
m_scale = 0.0
m_mousex = x
m_mousey = y
def gl_mouse(button, state, x, y):
global m_mousemode
global m_mousex
global m_mousey
m_mousex = x
m_mousey = y
if button == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON :
if state == GLUT_DOWN :
m_mousemode = 1 # Rotate mode
elif state == GLUT_UP :
gl_mouseend(x, y)
if button == GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON :
if state == GLUT_DOWN :
m_mousemode = 3 # Zoom mode
elif state == GLUT_UP :
gl_mouseend(x, y)
if button == GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON :
if state == GLUT_DOWN :
m_mousemode = 2 # Move mode
elif state == GLUT_UP :
gl_mouseend(x, y)
def gl_keyboard(key, x, y):
if key == b'\x1b' : # ESC key
os._exit(os.EX_OK)
def gl_idle():
glutPostRedisplay()
def gl_init():
glutInit(sys.argv)
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowSize(640, 360) # window size
glutCreateWindow(b"PyOpenGL") # show window
glutDisplayFunc(gl_display) # draw callback function
glutReshapeFunc(gl_reshape) # resize callback function
glutIdleFunc(gl_idle)
#glutKeyboardFunc(gl_keyboard)
glutMouseFunc(gl_mouse);
glutMotionFunc(gl_motion);
glutMainLoop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
gl_init()
このプログラムは、新たにウィンドウを作成し、ティーポットを三次元表示します。
左ボタンのマウス操作により、回転させることができます。
中央ボタンのマウス操作により、ズームさせることができます。
右ボタンのマウス操作により、移動させることができます。
